Why do pipes freeze in winter — and how can I prevent it?

Pipes freeze when cold air reaches vulnerable parts of your plumbing—typically uninsulated pipes, drafty areas, or outdoor fixtures. The good news is that a few simple preventive steps can dramatically reduce the risk of frozen or burst pipes during extreme cold snaps.

TL;DR

• Pipes freeze when cold air reaches exposed or poorly insulated plumbing.
• Check for leaks, insulate pipes, protect outdoor faucets, and seal drafty areas.
• Let faucets drip during extreme cold to relieve pressure and lower the risk of burst pipes.

Picture this: it’s the dead of winter, temperatures plummet outside, and suddenly a pipe bursts—water everywhere. Here’s how to prevent that scenario and keep your plumbing safe all winter long.

Check for leaks

Even a small leak can turn into a major flood if temperatures drop. Leaks also allow cold air to reach your pipes, increasing the risk of freezing. Inspect plumbing lines in basements, crawlspaces, and other uninsulated areas. If you find a leak you can’t diagnose, schedule a plumbing repair before winter sets in.

Drain and insulate outdoor plumbing

Disconnect and drain all outdoor hoses. Shut off the water supply to outdoor faucets and add insulated faucet covers for extra protection. These steps prevent freezing inside exterior plumbing lines.

Weatherproof trouble areas

Look for drafts around windows, doors, and vent fans near plumbing. If seals are loose, add weatherstripping or caulk. Eliminating drafts helps keep pipes warmer and reduces freeze risk.

Insulate exposed pipes

Insulating exposed pipes is quick, inexpensive, and highly effective. Use foam insulation sleeves or wrap pipes with towels. For pipes near electrical sources, apply electrical heat tape. Insulation also helps your water heater retain heat and may even lower energy bills.

Keep indoor pipes warm

Indoor pipes can freeze too—especially those inside kitchen and bathroom cabinets. Open cabinet doors so warm air can circulate around the plumbing. If you’re leaving for vacation, don’t turn your heat off; keep your thermostat at 55°F or higher.

Let your faucets drip

During extreme cold, allow faucets connected to exterior pipes to drip slowly. The steady movement of water reduces pressure in the line and helps prevent freezing.